1.
Accent: changing the meaning of a quotation by
changing or ignoring the accent on certain words, common journalistic or
political spin.
2.
Amphiboly: use of language that has multiple
meanings to obfuscate or mislead.
3.
Equivocation: deliberate misuse of language to
obscure, confuse and belittle a concept
4.
Composition: Assertion that an overall principal
is true when only a part it is true
5.
Division: Assert an overall truth as support
that a part of the overall is true also.
6.
Figure of Speech: using the vagaries of language,
gender or cases to assert fallacy
7.
Accident: use of a general rule in support of a
false specific.
8.
Affirming the Consequent: arguing backwards from
a true consequent to a fallacy, used repeatedly by journalists in what can only
be called perception management.
9.
In a Certain Respect/Simply; True in small area,
therefore true in larger area, as in the application of medical statistics
10. Ignorance
of Refutation: Evidence leads to X, yet conclusion Y is drawn.
11. Begging
the Question: If a topic is not wrong, it is right. If you’re not good, you are
bad.
12. False
Cause: X and Y are associated; therefore, X causes Y without any proof.
13. Many
Questions: to change the subject slightly in order to answer a similar question
and assert a false or unrelated answer.
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